Explore the ESCO catalogue by occupation, ISCO group, and related competence language. Official ESCO pages remain available as secondary source links.
Aquaculture recirculation managers control the production of aquatic organisms in land-based recirculation systems, manage water re-use processes and supervise complex circulation, aeration and biofilter systems.
Aquaculture recirculation technicians operate and control the production processes of aquatic organisms in land-based recirculation systems, which utilise water re-use processes and the operation of pumping, aerating, heating, lighting and biofilter equipment as well as backup power systems.
Aquaculture site supervisors supervise production processes in large-scale aquaculture operations and inspect aquaculture sites to maintain and improve performance. They maintain the health, safety and security of the workplace, develop management plans to reduce the risks from pests, predators and diseases and supervise both the disposal of bio and chemical waste and the maintenance of equipment and machinery.
Aquatic animal health professionals diagnose, prevent and treat diseases, injuries and dysfunctions of aquatic animals by implementing appropriate sampling protocols. They supervise the use of medicines, including vaccines, and collect data on fish health, making regular reports to the appropriate personnel. They may provide care to a wide range of aquatic animals or specialise in the treatment of a particular group or in a particular speciality area. They may provide advice, support and training to farm staff on best practice with regard to the health and welfare of the cultured organisms.
Arboriculturists carry out specialised tasks related to observation, health and maintenance of trees.
Archaeologists research and study past civilisations and settlements through collecting and inspecting material remains. They analyse and draw conclusions on a wide array of matters such as hierarchy systems, linguistics, culture, and politics based on the study of objects, structures, fossils, relics, and artifacts left behind by these peoples. Archaeologists utilise various interdisciplinary methods such as stratigraphy, typology, 3D analysis, mathematics, and modelling.
Archaeology lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, archaeology, which is predominantly academic in nature. They work with university research assistants and university teaching assistants for the preparation of lectures and of exams, for grading papers and exams and for leading review and feedback sessions for the students. They also conduct academic research in their respective field of archaeology, publish their findings and liaise with other university colleagues.
Architects investigate, design, and oversee the construction and development of buildings, urban spaces, infrastructure projects, and social spaces. They design in accordance with the surroundings and regulations applicable in specific geographic areas, taking into account factors that include function, aesthetics, costs, and public health and safety. They are aware of social contexts and environmental factors, which include the relationships between people and buildings, and buildings and the environment. They engage in multidisciplinary projects aimed at developing the social fabric of a geographic area and advancing in social urbanism projects.
Architectural drafters make drawings of the specifications and ideas provided by architects. They draw architectural drawings using computer-aided equipment and software, or using conventional methods like paper and pen.
Architecture lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, architecture, which is predominantly academic in nature. They work with their university research assistants and university teaching assistants for the preparation of lectures and of exams, for grading papers and exams and for leading review and feedback sessions for the students. They also conduct academic research in their respective field of architecture, publish their findings and liaise with other university colleagues.
Archivists assess, collect, organise, preserve and provide access to records and archives. Records maintained are in any format, analogue or digital and include several kinds of media (documents, photographs, video and sound recordings, etc.).
Armed forces officers supervise operations and manoeuvres, assign duties, and command subordinate staff. They ensure efficient communication within and between units and perform training duties. They also operate equipment and supervise equipment maintenance.
Armed forces training and education officers train probationary, new academy recruits, or cadets, on the theory and practice necessary to become a soldier or a military officer, and need experience as a military officer themselves as a requirement to instruct. They prepare and present theoretical courses and materials during training on subjects such as law, national and international regulations, defense and offense models, world affairs etc. They also conduct the physical training of the cadets, teaching them care and usage of weapon and machinery, first aid, self defense and offense techniques, military vehicle operations, and putting them through a series of heavy drills and physical training. Armed forces training and education officers manage training plans by developing and updating the curriculum and field training exercises when necessary. They also assist senior officers in preparation for a promotion and generally monitor the cadets' progress and evaluate their performance through a series of theoretical and physical tests. They prepare performance and evaluation reports for each cadet individually.
Armoured car drivers drive the armoured car to transfer valuable items, such as money, to different locations. They never leave the car. They work in cooperation with the armoured car guards who deliver the valuables to their final recipients. Armoured car drivers ensure vehicle security at all times by following company policies.
Armoured car guards ensure the safe transportation of valuable items such as money between locations like stores and banks. They load and unload the vehicle, handle the documentation of the transfer, deliver the items to the correct location and respond quickly to robberies, according to the security protocol in place. They may also handle guns and drive the armoured car.
Army captains aid in the supervision of large units of soldiers, as well as perform planning and strategic duties in tactical operations. They also ensure equipment maintenance and provide support in logistic matters as well as support during operations.
Army corporals supervise sections of soldiers and perform instruction duties. They also command equipment such as heavy machinery and weaponry.
Army generals command large divisions of the army. They perform management duties, administrative duties, and planning and strategic duties. They develop policies for the improvement of the military and general defence, and ensure the nation's safety.
Army majors command large units of officers and soldiers, supervise their training, and oversee their wellfare. They also supervise their administration, and equipment management.
Aromatherapists use essential oils extracted from herbal products at the level of the interface skin and mucous membranes to improve the clients` well-being. They treat a variety of illnesses and physical or psychological conditions, under supervision and on a doctor's order.
Art administrators are among the professionals that manage the business needs of an organisation devoted to arts. They provide support for financial and corporative tasks, and they can work for a range of organizations from for-profit to governmental or non-profit organisations. Examples of these organisations are dance companies, film studios, theaters and art museums or galleries.
Art directors shape the visual layout of a concept. They create innovative designs, develop artistic projects and manage the cooperation between all aspects involved. Art directors may perform creative work in theatre, marketing, advertising, video and motion picture, fashion or online companies. They ensure that the work performed is visually appealing to audiences.
Art handlers are trained individuals who work directly with objects in museums and art galleries. They work in coordination with exhibition registrars, collection managers, conservator-restorers and curators, among others, to ensure that objects are safely handled and cared for. Often they are responsible for packing and unpacking art, installing and deinstalling art in exhibitions, and moving art around the museum and storage spaces.
Art models pose for visual artists as reference or inspiration for their creative work. They stand model for artists that perform figure drawing, paint, make sculptures or create photographic art. Art models are professional models that use their body to become the object of the artist's creation.
Art restorers work to perform corrective treatment based on an evaluation of the aesthetic, historic and scientific characteristics of art objects. They determine the structural stability of art pieces and address problems of chemical and physical deterioration.
Art studies lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, art studies, which is predominantly academic in nature. They work with their university research assistants and university teaching assistants for the preparation of lectures and of exams, grading papers and exams and leading review and feedback sessions for the students. They also conduct academic research in their field of arts studies, publish their findings and liaise with other university colleagues.
Art teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, art. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students' knowledge and performance on the subject of art through assignments, tests and examinations.
Art therapists help patients overcome psychological and emotional difficulties through an artistic process which reflects emotions and feelings, focusing on patients who suffer a variety of problems such as mental, psychological, and behavioural disorders in order to facilitate self-understanding and awareness.
Artificial intelligence engineer apply methods of artificial intelligence in engineering, robotics and computer science to design programs which simulate intelligence including thinking models, cognitive and knowledge-based systems, problem solving, and decision making. They also integrate structured knowledge into computer systems (ontologies, knowledge bases) in order to solve complex problems normally requiring a high level of human expertise or artificial intelligence methods.
Artillery officers offer support in battle in the fields of target acquisition, coordination of information, surveillance and weaponry. They are in charge of tactics, and deployment of weaponry on the field. They also lead soldiers.
Artisan papermakers create paper slurry, strain it on screens, and dry it manually or using small scale equipment.
Artistic coaches research, plan, organise and lead arts activities for sport practitioners in order to provide them with artistic abilities such as dance, acting, expression and transmission that are important for their sport performance. Artistic coaches make technical, performance or artistic abilities accessible to sports practitioners with the goal of improving their sport performance.
Artistic directors are in charge of the programme of an artistic project or a cultural organisation. They are responsible for the strategic vision, the visibility and the quality of all kind of artistic activities and services such as theatre and dance companies. Artistic directors also manage staff, finances and policies.
Artistic painters create paintings in oil or water colours or pastel, miniatures, collages, and drawings executed directly by the artist and/or entirely under their control .
Arts education officers deal with all the activities concerning the cultural venue and art facilities visitors, both current and prospective. They aim to deliver high quality and dynamic learning and participation programmes. Arts education officers develop, deliver and evaluate programmes and events for classes, groups or individuals, ensuring these events are a valuable learning resource for all ages.
Asbestos abatement workers remove asbestos from buildings and other constructions, compliant with health and safety regulations concerning the handling of hazardous materials. They investigate the intensity of the asbestos contamination, prepare the structure for removal, and prevent contamination of other areas.
Asphalt laboratory technicians perform asphalt and related raw materials inspections and laboratory testing, ensuring a high quality of the products. They also participate in coming up with resolutions to technical issues on construction sites.
Asphalt plant operators extract raw materials such as sand and stones and operate mobile equipment for their transport to the plant. They tend automated machines to crush and sort out stones, and to mix the sand and stones with asphalt cement. They take samples to check the quality of the mix and arrange for its transport to the construction site.
Assayers test and analyse precious metals such as silver and gold to determine the value and properties of components using chemical and physical techniques. They also seperate precious metals or other components from other materials.
Assessors of prior learning measure the existing competences, skills and knowledge of a candidate against a given qualification or certificate, according to a pre-defined standard or procedure, and judge objectively if the candidate reaches the corresponding performance criteria.
Asset managers invest the money of a client into financial assets, through vehicles such as investment funds or management of individual clients’ portfolios. This includes the management of the financial assets, within a given investment policy and risk framework, the provision of information, and the assessment and monitoring of risks.
Assistant clinical psychologists aid psychologists in their work. They work in healthcare facilities or private practices where they assist psychologists with their treatment of patients. Assistant clinical psychologists are healthcare professionals that can assess patients with psychological tests and aid with therapy, as well as performing administrative functions.
Assistant lecturers share university or college lecturers' academic workload, specifically the provision of lectures to students. They prepare and teach classes, and meet with students privately regarding evaluation. They also combine their lecturing and other academic duties with conducting their own research in their field of study. Assistant lecturers occupy an autonomous, full-time position, despite what the subservience element in the occupation title may suggest.
Assistant outdoor animators assist in planning outdoor activities, outdoor risk assessment and equipment monitoring. They manage the outdoor resources and groups. Assistant outdoor animators may help with office administration and maintenance hence they may work indoors.
Assistant stage directors support the needs of the stage director and the production for each assigned stage production, and serve as a liaison between performers, theatre staff and stage directors. They take notes, provide feedback, coordinate the rehearsal schedule, take blocking, rehearse or review scenes, prepare or distribute actor notes, and facilitate communication between designers, production staff, and stage director.
Assistant video and motion picture directors are responsible for the organisation, scheduling and planning of the cast, crew and activities on a set. They assist the video and motion picture directors, maintain budgets and ensure that all production activities go according to schedule.
Assistive technologists work to improve access to learning or/and improving independence and participation for individuals with disabilities. They do this through learner support and staff support with activities such as assessments, training and guidance. Assistive technologists have a good understanding of learners’ needs and a wide technology knowledge relevant to learning, living or work context. The role requires knowledge of assistive technology hardware and software such as text to speech, prediction, dictation, vision and physical access tools.
Astrologers analyse constellation and motions of celestial objects and specific stellar and planetary alignments. They present this analysis together with their own interpretations about clients' temperament, predispositions related to their health, love and marriage issues, business and job opportunities and other personal aspects.
Astronauts are crew members commanding spacecrafts for operations beyond low Earth orbit or higher than the regular altitude reached by commercial flights. They orbit the Earth in order to perform operations such as scientific research and experiments, launching or release of satellites, and building of space stations.
Astronomers research the formation, structures, properties, and development of celestial bodies and interstellar matter. They use ground-based equipment and space-based equipment to collect data about the space for research purposes.