Explore the ESCO catalogue by occupation, ISCO group, and related competence language. Official ESCO pages remain available as secondary source links.
Biologists study living organisms and life in its broader extent in combination with its environment. Through research, they strive to explain the functional mechanisms, interactions, and evolution of organisms.
Biology lecturers are subject professors, teachers, or lecturers who instruct students who have obtained an upper secondary education diploma in their own specialised field of study, biology. They work with their university research assistants and university teaching assistants in the preparation of lectures and of exams, leading laboratory practices, grading papers and exams and leading review and feedback sessions for the students. They also conduct academic research in their field of biology, publish their findings and liaise with other university colleagues.
Biology teachers at secondary schools provide education to students, commonly children and young adults, in a secondary school setting. They are usually subject teachers, specialised and instructing in their own field of study, biology. They prepare lesson plans and materials, monitor the students' progress, assist individually when necessary, and evaluate the students' knowledge and performance on the subject of biology through assignments, tests and examinations.
Biology technicians provide technical assistance in researching and analysing the relationship between living organisms and their environment. They use laboratory equipment to examine organic substances such as bodily fluids, medicines, plants and food. They collect and analyse data for experiments, compile reports and maintain laboratory stock.
Biomedical engineers combine knowledge of engineering principles and biological findings for the development of medical treatments, medicaments, and general healthcare purposes. They can develop solutions ranging from the improvement of the components in conventional medicaments up to implants developments, and tissue treatment.
Biomedical scientists perform all laboratory methods required as part of medical examination, monitoring, treatment, and research activities which involves designing, planning, organizing, applying, evaluating, interpreting and validating all analytical processes. They develop their activity in several fields of expertise such as haematology, microbiology, clinical immunology, cytopathology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clinical biochemistry among others. This requires the application of qualitative and quantitative laboratory methods, including image analysis and digital pathology, to provide an investigative report and diagnostic opinion on products of a biological nature.
Biomedical scientists advanced undertake advanced translational research in the biomedical laboratory sciences field and perform as educators of their professions or as other professionals, as well as acting as consultants in the field.
Biometricians perform research in the field of biometrics. They carry statistical or biological research projects by measuring fingerprints, retinas, and human shapes for medical or industrial applications.
Biophysicists study the existing relation between living organisms and physics. They conduct research on living organisms based on the methods of physics that aim to explain the complexity of life, predict patterns, and draw conclusions about aspects of life. Biophysicists' research fields cover DNA, proteins, molecules, cells, and environments.
Biotechnical technicians perform technological work in assistance of scientists. They work in laboratory settings where they help scientists to research, develop and test forms of biotechnology. They set up lab equipment, prepare scientific tests and gather scientific data.
Blacksmiths heat metal, usually steel, in a forge and shape it with a hammer, chisel, and an anvil. Contemporarily, they predominantly create artisanal metal products, including ornamental work, as well as horse shoes, one of the sole metal fabricating processes that has not been industrialised.
Blanching operators remove outer coverings or skins from almonds and nuts in general. They cut leaves and impurities of raw material and control the flow of nuts, seeds, and/or leaves in the process. They use pressure and temperature to blanch the raw material if necessary.
Bleacher operators tend a machine that bleaches wood pulp to serve in the production of white paper. Different bleaching techniques are used to complement the various pulping methods, and to obtain different grades of whiteness.
Blender operators produce non-alcoholic flavoured waters by managing the administration of a large selection of ingredients to water. They handle and administer ingredients such as sugar, fruits juices, vegetable juices, syrups based on fruit or herbs, natural flavours, synthetic food additives like artificial sweeteners, colours, preservatives, acidity regulators, vitamins, minerals, and carbon dioxide. They manage the quantities depending on the product.
Blending plant operators control equipment to weigh and mix vegetable oils used in products such as salad oil and margarines. They tend pump oils to perform the blending according to specific formulas. They draw off samples of mixed oil to examine its texture and colour and based on that make adjustments to blending processes.
Block machine operators control, maintain and operate concrete blocks casting machine which fills and vibrate molds to compact wet concrete into finished blocks.
Blockchain architects are ICT system architects that are specialized in blockchain-based solutions. They design architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a decentralized system to meet specified requirements.
Blockchain developers implement or program blockchain-based software systems based on specifications and designs by using programming languages, tools, and blockchain platforms.
Bloggers write online articles on a wide range of subjects such as politics, fashion, economics and sports. They can relate objective facts, but often they also give their opinion on the related topic. Bloggers also interact with their readers via comments.
Blow moulding machine operators operate and monitor blow moulding machine to mould plastic goods, according to requirements. They regulate temperature, air pressure and volume of plastic, according to specifications. Blow moulding machine operators remove finished products and cut away excess material, using a knife. They regrind surplus material and rejected workpieces for reuse, using a grinding machine.
Boat riggers use hand and power tools to install motors, gauges, controls and accessories such as batteries, lights, fuel tanks and ignition switches. They also perform pre-delivery inspections.
Boatswains organise the crew on deck and at the fishing hold to execute the orders received from a superior. They coordinate the operations of maintenance, manoeuvres, assembly and repair of fishing gear and sorting, processing and preserving of the catches while observing the hygienic standards and established safety regulations.
Body artists decorate clients' skin temporarily or permanently. They use various techniques such as tattooing or piercing. Body artists follow clients' preferences in terms of tattoo's or piercing's design and body surface and apply it safely. They also advise on methods to avoid infection following the procedures on clients' bodies.
Bodyguards offer protection to their clients against injury, attacks and harassment. They accompany individuals such as politicians and actors to various events and gatherings. Bodyguards observe the surrounding environment, anticipate threats and respond to security emergencies. They may carry and use guns.
Boiler operators maintain heating systems such as low-pressure boilers, high-pressure boilers and power boilers. They work mostly in large buildings like power plants or boiler rooms and ensure a safe and environmentally friendly operation of boiler systems.
Boilermakers operate a variety of equipment and machinery to create, repipe and retube hot water and steam boilers, producing them in all steps of the production process. They cut, gouge and shape the metal sheets and tubes for the boilers to size, using oxy-acetylene gas torches, assemble them by shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding or gas tungsten arc welding, and finish them by the appropriate machine tools, power tools and coating.
Bomb disposal technicians search areas using special equipment such as metal detectors, or using trained animals, for the presence of land mines and bombs, and remove the explosive materials according to safety regulations. After the search for and location of mines and bombs, they disarm them aiming to avoid any risk of detonation, and ensure the area is cleared before disarming and removal procedures.
Book editors find manuscripts that can be published. They review texts from writers to evaluate the commercial potential or they ask writers to take on projects that the publishing company wishes to publish. Book editors maintain good relationships with writers.
Book publishers are responsible for the selection of new materials. They decide which manuscripts, that the book editor has provided, are being published. Book publishers oversee the production, marketing and distribution of these texts.
Book restorers work to correct and treat books based on an evaluation of their aesthetic, historic and scientific characteristics. They determine the stability of the book and address the problems of chemical and physical deterioration of it.
Book-sewing machine operators tend a machine that stitches paper together to form a volume. They check that signatures are inserted the right way and the machine does not jam.
Bookkeepers record and assemble the day-to-day financial transactions of an organisation or company, consisting usually of sales, purchases, payments and receipts. They ensure all financial transactions are documented in the appropriate (day) book and general ledger, and that they are balanced out. Bookkeepers prepare the recorded books and ledgers with financial transactions for an accountant to then analyse balance sheets and income statements.
Bookmakers (also often called 'bookies', or 'turf accountants') take bets on sports games and other events at agreed upon odds, they calculate odds and pay out winnings. They are responsible for the risk management.
Bookshop managers assume responsibility for activities and staff in this specialised store.
Bookshop specialised sellers sell books in specialised shops. They also make suggestions, give advice about the books available and any other related products for sale in the specialised shop.
Boom operators set up and operate the boom microphone, either by hand, on an arm or on a moving platform. They make sure that every microphone is correctly stationed on set and in the best position to capture the dialogues. Boom operators are also responsible for the microphones on the actors clothing.
Boring machine operators prepare, operate, and maintain single or multiple spindle machines using a boring bar with a hardened, rotary, multipointed cutting tool in order to enlarge an existing hole in a fabricated workpiece.
Botanical technicians provide technical assistance in researching and testing different plant species to monitor their properties such as growth and structure. They collect and analyse data using laboratory equipment, compile reports and maintain laboratory stock. Botanical technicians also study plants to research their use in areas such as medicine, food and materials.
Botanicals specialists bring a deep knowledge in the science of plants and botanicals to the production of alcoholic beverages based on herbs. These professionals combine knowledge of flavour chemistry, biological sciences and technology process. They may operate botanical milling machines ensuring that the crushing process retains as much flavour and aroma as possible.
Botanists are occupied with the maintenance of a range of plants from around the world, often in a botanic garden. They conduct scientific studies and travel in order to study plants growing in the wild. Botanists are responsible for the maintenance and development of the botanic garden.
Boxing instructors train individuals or groups in boxing. They instruct clients during training and teach students the techniques of boxing such as stance, defense and different kind of punches.
Braiding machine operators supervise the braiding process of a group of machines, monitoring fabric quality and braiding conditions. They inspect braiding machines after set up, start up, and during production to ensure the product being braided is meeting specs and quality standards.
Braiding textile technicians perform operations related to setting up the braiding process.
Branch managers are responsible for the management of all the affairs related with a company in a specific geographic region or business branch. They receive indications from the headquarters, and depending on the structure of the company, they aim to implement the strategy of the company while adapting it to the market where the branch operates. They envision management of employees, communications, marketing efforts, and follow up to results and objectives.
Brand managers analyse and plan the way a brand is positioned on the market.
Braziers operate various equipment and machinery in order to join two metal pieces together, by heating, melting and forming a metal filler between them, often brass or copper. They follow a similar process to soldering but with higher temperatures using torches, soldering irons, fluxes and welding machines to join aluminum, silver, copper, gold or nickel.
Brew house operators monitor the processes of mashing, lautering and boiling of raw materials. They make sure that the brewing vessels are clean correctly and timely. They supervise the work in the brew house and operate the brew house equipment to deliver brews of good quality within the specified time.
Brewmasters ensure brewing quality of current products and create mixtures for the development of new products. For current products, they oversee the whole brewing process following one of many brewing processes. For new products, they develop new brewing formulas and processing techniques or modify existing ones as to come up with potential new products.
Brick and tile casters operate and maintain mixing machines used in brick and tile products development.
Bricklayers assemble brick walls and structures by skilfully laying the bricks in an established pattern, using a binding agent like cement to bond the bricks together. They then fill the joints with mortar or other suitable materials.