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Formal Languages and Automata Theory

Public syllabus for 2025-2026

Academic overview

Programme
IE
Period
Year 1, Semester 2
Credits
5
Weeks
14

Curriculum placement

Appears in study plans

Teaching team

Course coordinator
Seminar coordinators
Mădălina Erașcu, Casiana Popovici

Learning time distribution

Total
Curriculum Lecture Practice Total Weekly Lecture Practice
56 28 28 4 2 2
Exam hours
2
Individual Study Bibliography study Field study Homework Tutoring Others
67 14 23 28 2 0
Overall
125

Learning outcomes

Knowledge

  • Acquiring the fundamental concepts and results regarding formal languages (especially those of type 2 and 3), grammars, finite automata, regular expressions, and pushdown automata
  • Knowledge of the fundamental algorithms for syntactic analysis and translation to intermediate code

Skills

  • Knowledge objectives: (1) Identify different formal language classes and their relationships (2) Design grammars and recognizers for different formal languages
  • Habilitation objectives: (1) Prove or disprove theorems in automata theory using its properties (2) Determine the decidability and intractability of computational problems
  • Attitudinal objectives: (1) to argue the importance of formal languages, automata, decidability results to an IT specialist.

Responsibility

(none)

Online platform

Classroom, code j5tcw752

Course content

Content Methods Obs
C1-2 (4 hours): Course overview. Formal languages and grammars. The Chomsky hierarchy Lecture (beamer) Lecture materials will be made available on Google Classroom
C3. Closure properties of languages Lecture (beamer) Same as above
C4. Nondeterministic and deterministic automata same as above Same as above
C5. Finite automata and regular languages same as above Same as above
C6. Algebraic characterisation of regular languages same as above Same as above
C7. Properties of regular languages same as above Same as above
C8. ε-NFA and regular expressions same as above Same as above
C9. Context-free grammars and derivation trees same as above Same as above
C10. Decidability for context-free grammars. Recursive grammars same as above Same as above
C11. Normal forms for context-free grammars same as above Same as above
C12. Pushdown automata same as above Same as above
C13.Context-sensitive and type-0 languages. Turing machines. Undecidability same as above Same as above
C14. (2h) Course & Finals Review same as above All the bibliographic material listed below

Course bibliography

[1] JE Hopcroft, R Motwani and JD Ullman. Introduction to automata theory, languages and computation Addison Wesley/Pearson; 3rd Edition [2] Dexter C. Kozen. Automata and Computability (Undergraduate Texts in Computer Science). Springer 1997

Seminar content

Content Methods Obs
S1. Exercises related to lectures 1-2 Questioning, dialogue, collaborative learning
S2. Exercises related to lectures 3-4 Same as above The homework will be posted after each lecture. Students have to do it in teams until the next seminar. At the next seminar, students will be nominated for a presentation.
S3. Exercises related to lectures 5-6 Same as above Same as above
S4. Exercises related to lectures 7-8 Same as above Same as above
S5. Exercises related to lectures 9-10 Same as above Same as above
S6. Exercises related to lectures 11-12 Same as above Same as above
S7. Exercises related to lectures 13. Recap & final review Same as above Same as above
Bibliography:

Seminar bibliography

The content of the lecture is consistent with one of similar courses from other universities. It covers the fundamental aspects necessary for the familiarity with issues of formal languages and automata. The content is not very useful for ordinary IT companies, but students can train their algorithmic thinking and improve their skills of problem solving, tasks which are indispensable for a programmer.

Corroboration

(none)

AI tools guidance

The usage of tools based on generative AI is allowed.

Evaluation and delivery

Activity Criteria Methods Percentage
C
  • Exam (apply/synthesize concepts presented during the lectures/seminars)
  • Written exam in session A
  • 60.0%
S
  • Same as above
  • Homeworks, tests and activity (oral presentation)
  • 40.0%

Performance standards

Minimal knowledge for passing (grade 5): Acquiring fundamental understanding of the knowledge of automata theory and formal languages. The final grade is computed as a weighted average of the grades given at the written exam (session A) and at the seminars. Each has to be passed with at least 5. The attendance requirements are in accordance with the Code of rights and obligations of students and the Regulation of the activity of UVT’s students. Students who do not pass session A will have the opportunity to take only the written – there is no way to improve the grade for seminar activity. Same holds for those who want to improve their grade. Note: Students may attend office hours (2 modules / week according to the schedule set out at the beginning of the semester) where the lecturer (course/seminar) answers questions from students and provides further explanations related to course content, applications from seminar themes.

Additional info

(none)