digital journalism
The process through which the editorial content is produced through digital media and distributed through the Internet.
digital
Journalists research, verify and write news stories for newspapers, magazines, television and other broadcast media. They cover political, economic, cultural, social and sport events. Journalists must conform to ethical codes such as freedom of speech and right of reply, press law and editorial standards in order to bring objective information.
Competences and skills
119 ESCO relationsEssential knowledge 7 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
1 competenceCross-sector
6 competencescopyright legislation
Legislation describing the protection of the rights of original authors over their work, and how others can use it.
editorial standards
The guidelines on how to deal with and report on privacy, children, and death according to impartiality, and other standards.
grammar
The set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language.
interview techniques
The techniques for getting information out of people by asking the right questions in the right way and to make them feel comfortable.
spelling
The rules concerning the way words are spelled.
writing techniques
The different techniques to write a story such as the descriptive, persuasive, first person and other techniques.
Essential skills and competences 13 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
10 competencesbuild contacts to maintain news flow
Build contacts to maintain a flow of news, for example, police and emergency services, local council, community groups, health trusts, press officers from a variety of organisations, the general public, etc.
evaluate writings in response to feedback
Edit and adapt work in response to comments from peers and publishers.
follow ethical code of conduct of journalists
Follow the ethical code of conduct of journalists, such as freedom of speech, right of reply, being objective, and other rules.
follow the news
Follow current events in politics, economics, social communities, cultural sectors, internationally, and in sports.
interview people
Interview people in a range of different circumstances.
participate in editorial meetings
Participate in meetings with fellow editors and journalists to discuss possible topics and to divide the tasks and workload.
stay up to date with social media
Keep up with the trends and people on social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
digital
study topics
Carry out effective research on relevant topics to be able to produce summary information appropriate to different audiences. The research may involve looking at books, journals, the internet, and/or verbal discussions with knowledgeable persons.
use specific writing techniques
Use writing techniques depending on the type of media, the genre, and the story.
write to a deadline
Schedule and respect tight deadlines, especially for theatre, screen and radio projects.
Cross-sector
3 competencesapply grammar and spelling rules
Apply the rules of spelling and grammar and ensure consistency throughout texts.
consult information sources
Consult relevant information sources to find inspiration, to educate yourself on certain topics and to acquire background information.
develop professional network
Reach out to and meet up with people in a professional context. Find common ground and use your contacts for mutual benefit. Keep track of the people in your personal professional network and stay up to date on their activities.
- Scope note
- This includes the development of social relationships with patients and customers.
Optional knowledge 37 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
11 competencesart history
The history of art and artists, the artistic trends throughout centuries and their contemporary evolutions.
cultural projects
The purpose, organisation and management of cultural projects and related fundraising actions.
food hygiene rules
The set of national and international regulations for hygiene of foodstuffs and food safety, e.g. regulation (EC) 852/2004.
food materials
Quality and range of raw materials, half finished products and end products of a specific food sector.
food science
The study of the physical, biological, and chemical makeup of food and the scientific concepts underlying food processing and nutrition.
history of dance style
The origins, history and development of the dance styles and forms used, including current manifestations, current practices and methods of delivery in a chosen dance style.
ICT software specifications
The characteristics, use and operations of various software products such as computer programmes and application software.
digital
media and information literacy
The ability to access media, to understand and critically evaluate different aspects of the media and media content and to create communications in a variety of contexts. It involves a range of cognitive, emotional, and social competencies that include the use of text, tools and technologies, the skills of critical thinking and analysis, the practice of messaging composition and creativity and the ability to engage in reflection and ethical thinking.
musical instruments
The different musical instruments, their ranges, timbre, and possible combinations.
musical theory
The body of interrelated concepts that constitutes the theoretical background of music.
sporting events
Possess an understanding of different sporting events and conditions that can affect a result.
Cross-sector
26 competencesaudio editing software
The various software for editing and generating audio, such as Adobe Audition, Soundforge, and Power Sound Editor.
digital
corporate law
The legal rules that govern how corporate stakeholders (such as shareholders, employees, directors, consumers, etc) interact with one another, and the responsibilities corporations have to their stakeholders.
court procedures
The regulations which are in place during the investigation of a court case and during a court hearing, and of how these events occur.
criminal law
The legal rules, constitutions and regulations applicable for the punishment of offenders.
desktop publishing
The creation of documents using page layout skills on a computer. Desktop publishing software can generate layouts and produce typographic quality text and images.
digital
economics
Economic principles and practices, financial and commodity markets, banking and the analysis of financial data.
election law
The regulations concerning the procedures during elections, such as voting regulations, campaign regulations, which procedures candidates must follow, how votes are counted, and other electoral procedures.
film studies
The theoretical, historical, and critical approaches to films. This includes the narrative, artistic, cultural, economic, and political implications of cinema.
financial jurisdiction
Financial rules and procedures applicable to a certain location, whose regulatory bodies decide on its jurisdiction
law enforcement
The different organisations involved in law enforcement, as well as the laws and regulations in law enforcement procedures.
literature
The body of artistic writing characterized by beauty of expression, form, and universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
multimedia systems
The methods, procedures and techniques pertaining to the operation of multimedia systems, usually a combination of software and hardware, presenting various types of media such as video and audio.
digital
musical genres
Different musical styles and genres such as blues, jazz, reggae, rock, or indie.
photography
Art and practice of creating aesthetically appealing images by recording light or electromagnetic radiation.
political campaigning
The procedures involved in conducting a successful political campaign, such as the specific research methods, promotional tools, liaising with the public, and other strategic aspects concerning the organising and conducting of political campaigns.
political parties
The ideas and principles that political parties stand for and the politicians representing them.
political science
The systems of government, the methodology concerning the analysis of political activity and behaviour, and the theory and practice of influencing people and acquiring governance.
press law
The laws concerning the licensing of books and the freedom of expression in all products of the media.
pronunciation techniques
The pronunciation techniques to properly and understandably pronounce words.
rhetoric
The art of discourse that aims at improving the ability of writers and speakers to inform, persuade or motivate their audience.
sport games rules
The rules and regulations of sport games such as football, soccer, tennis, and others.
sport history
The background history of players and athletes and the history of sport events and games.
sports competition information
The information regarding latest results, competitions and events in the sporting industry.
stock market
The market in which shares of publicly held companies are issued and traded.
tax legislation
Tax legislation applicable to a specific area of specialisation, such as import tax, government tax, etc.
types of literature genres
The different literary genres in the history of literature, their technique, tone, content and length.
Optional skills and competences 62 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
35 competencesadapt to type of media
Adapt to different types of media such as television, movies, commercials, and others. Adapt work to type of media, scale of production, budget, genres within type of media, and others.
analyse trends in the food and beverage industries
Investigate trends in foodstuffs related to consumers preferences. Examine key markets based on both product type and geography as well as technological improvements in the industry.
ask questions at events
Attend a variety of events, such as council meetings, magistrates' court proceedings, football matches, talent contests, press conferences and ask questions.
check correctness of information
Check if the information contains factual errors, is reliable, and has news value.
create online news content
Create and upload news content for e.g. websites, blogs and social media.
digital
critically reflect on artistic production processes
Critically reflect upon processes and outcomes of the artisitc production process in order to ensure quality of experience and/or product.
direct photographic workers
Direct and manage the daily activities of photographic workers.
do historical research
Use scientific methods to research history and culture.
edit digital moving images
Use specialised software to edit video images for use in an artistic production.
digital
edit negatives
Use different software products and techniques to process photographic negatives and adapt the images to the desired specifications.
digital
edit photographs
Resize, enhance and retouche photographs, using airbrushing, editing software and other techniques.
digital
edit recorded sound
Edit audio footage using a variety of sofware, tools, and techniques such as crossfading, speed effects, and removing unwanted noises.
digital
ensure consistency of published articles
Ensure that articles are consistent with the genre and theme of the newspaper, journal or magazine.
follow directions of on-site director
Follow the instructions of the director when covering events on location.
follow newspaper house style
Produce concise and accurate copy according to newspaper's house style and to strict deadlines-daily newspapers may have several each day.
liaise with cultural partners
Establish and maintain sustainable partnerships with cultural authorities, sponsors and other cultural institutions.
maintain an artistic portfolio
Maintain portfolios of artistic work to show styles, interests, abilities and realisations.
maintain photographic equipment
Execute maintenance tasks to keep photographic equipment functioning properly.
manage personal finances
Identify personal financial objectives and set up a strategy to match this target in seeking support and advice when necessary.
manage writing administration
Manage the financial and administrative side of writing including making up budgets, maintaining financial records, checking contracts, etc.
perform video editing
Rearrange and edit video footage in the course of the post-production process. Edit the footage using a variety of sofware, tools, and techniques such as colour correction and effects, speed effects, and audio enhancing.
digital
present during live broadcasts
Present live on political, economic, cultural, social, international or sport events, or host a live broadcast program.
promote one's writings
Talk about one's work at events and conduct readings, speeches and book signings. Establish a network among fellow writers.
provide context to news stories
Provide substantial context to national or international news stories to explain things in more detail.
record multi-track sound
Recording and mixing audio signals from different sound sources on a multi-track recorder.
digital
review unpublished articles
Read unpublished articles thoroughly to look for errors.
rewrite articles
Rewrite articles to correct errors, make them more appealing to the audience, and to ensure that they fit within time and space allotments.
rewrite manuscripts
Rewrite unpublished manuscripts to correct errors and to make them more appealing to the target audience.
select camera apertures
Adjust lens apertures, shutter speeds and camera focus.
select photographic equipment
Select appropriate photographic equipment and background properties, and adapt it according to subjects, materials, and conditions.
set up photographic equipment
Choose the best position and orientation of the camera to capture the scene, along with other necessary equipment.
- Scope note
- Capturing the scene depends on the nature of the scene. This skill is different for nature photography, urban photography, war photography, etc.
test photographic equipment
Test photographic equipment, tools and accessories.
use photographic equipment
Use analogue or digital camera equipment, along with a variety of accessories such as tripods, filters and lenses.
write captions
Write captions to accompany cartoons, drawings, and photographs. These captions can be humorous or explanatory.
write headlines
Write titles to accompany news articles. Make sure they are to the point and inviting.
Cross-sector
27 competencesadapt to changing situations
Change approach to situations based on unexpected and sudden changes in people's needs and mood or in trends; shift strategies, improvise and naturally adapt to those circumstances.
address problems critically
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of various abstract, rational concepts, such as issues, opinions, and approaches related to a specific problematic situation in order to formulate solutions and alternative methods of tackling the situation.
analyse market financial trends
Monitor and forecast the tendencies of a financial market to move in a particular direction over time.
apply desktop publishing techniques
Apply desktop publishing techniques to create page layouts and typographic quality text.
digital
attend book fairs
Attend fairs and events to get familiar with new book trends and to meet with authors, publishers, and others in the publishing sector.
attend performances
Attend concerts, plays, and other cultural performances.
attend trade fairs
Attend exhibitions organised to enable companies in a specific sector to demonstrate their latest products and services, study the activities of their competitors, and observe recent market trends.
communicate by telephone
Liaise via telephone by making and answering calls in a timely, professional and polite manner.
develop film
Prepare tools and developing and printing equipment. Develop and print exposed film using chemicals.
document interviews
Record, write, and capture answers and information collected during interviews for processing and analysis using shorthand or technical equipment.
liaise with celebrities
Liaise with actors, musicians, writers, and other celebrities to establish a good relationship with them.
manage personal professional development
Take responsibility for lifelong learning and continuous professional development. Engage in learning to support and update professional competence. Identify priority areas for professional development based on reflection about own practice and through contact with peers and stakeholders. Pursue a cycle of self-improvement and develop credible career plans.
research
meet deadlines
Ensure operative processes are finished at a previously agreed-upon time.
monitor political conflicts
Monitor the possibility and development of political conflicts in specific contexts, such as in or between political parties, governments, or between different countries, as well as identifying its potential impact on government operations, and public safety.
observe new developments in foreign countries
Observe political, economic and societal developments in the assigned country, gather and report relevant information to the relevant institution.
perform image editing
Edit various types of images such as analogue and digital photographs or illustrations.
digital
present arguments persuasively
Present arguments during a negotiation or debate, or in written form, in a persuasive manner in order to obtain the most support for the case the speaker or writer represents.
proofread text
Read a text thoroughly, search for, review and correct errors to ensure content is valid for publishing.
provide written content
Communicate information in written form via digital or print media according to the needs of the target group. Structure the content according to specifications and standards. Apply grammar and spelling rules.
read books
Read the latest book releases and give your opinion on them.
record court procedures
Record all the information necessary for proper record maintenance during court hearings, such as the people present, the case, the evidence presented, the sentence made, and other important matters which were brought up during the hearing.
show diplomacy
Deal with people in a sensitive and tactful way.
show intercultural awareness
Show sensibility towards cultural differences by taking actions which facilitate positive interaction between international organisations, between groups or individuals of different cultures, and to promote integration in a community.
speak different languages
Master foreign languages to be able to communicate in one or more foreign languages.
research
study cultures
Study and internalise a culture that is not your own to truly understand its traditions, rules, and workings.
use word processing software
Use computer software applications for composition, editing, formatting, and printing of any sort of written material.
digital
watch video and motion picture production products
Watch films and television broadcasts closely and with attention to detail to give your objective view on them.