archaeology
The study of the recovery and examination of material culture left behind from human activity in the past.
Archaeologists research and study past civilisations and settlements through collecting and inspecting material remains. They analyse and draw conclusions on a wide array of matters such as hierarchy systems, linguistics, culture, and politics based on the study of objects, structures, fossils, relics, and artifacts left behind by these peoples. Archaeologists utilise various interdisciplinary methods such as stratigraphy, typology, 3D analysis, mathematics, and modelling.
Competences and skills
79 ESCO relationsEssential knowledge 9 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
4 competencescultural geography
The subfield of geography that deals with the cultural values and artefacts of people, as well as the cultural diversity of the society. It studies how cultural aspects relate to the places where they originate and their diffusion through different areas.
cultural history
Field that combines historical and anthropological approaches for recording and studying past customs, arts, and manners of a group of people taking into account their political, cultural, and social milieu.
excavation techniques
The methods to remove rock and soil, used in an excavation site and the associated risks.
Cross-sector
5 competenceshistory
The discipline that studies, analyses, and presents the events of the past related to humans.
research design
The set of methods and techniques of research that are used to conduct a study. It includes practical steps in research such as purpose statement, data collection, methodology, and data analysis.
scientific modelling
Scientific activity consisting in selecting the relevant aspects of a situation and aiming to represent physical processes, empirical objects and phenomena to allow a better understanding, visualisation or quantification, and to enable simulation that shows how this particular subject would behave under given circumstances.
scientific research methodology
The theoretical methodology used in scientific research involving doing background research, constructing an hypothesis, testing it, analysing data and concluding the results.
source criticism
Process of classifying various informational sources into different categories such as historical and non-historical, or primary and secondary, and evaluating those sources on the basis of their content, material features, authors etc.
Essential skills and competences 31 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
3 competencesdo historical research
Use scientific methods to research history and culture.
manage intellectual property rights
Deal with the private legal rights that protect the products of the intellect from unlawful infringement.
research
operate open source software
Operate Open Source software, knowing the main Open Source models, licensing schemes, and the coding practices commonly adopted in the production of Open Source software.
digitalresearch
Cross-sector
28 competencesapply for research funding
Identify key relevant funding sources and prepare research grant application in order to obtain funds and grants. Write research proposals.
research
apply research ethics and scientific integrity principles in research activities
Apply fundamental ethical principles and legislation to scientific research, including issues of research integrity. Perform, review, or report research avoiding misconducts such as fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.
research
communicate with a non-scientific audience
Communicate about scientific findings to a non-scientific audience, including the general public. Tailor the communication of scientific concepts, debates, findings to the audience, using a variety of methods for different target groups, including visual presentations.
research
conduct research across disciplines
Work and use research findings and data across disciplinary and/or functional boundaries.
research
demonstrate disciplinary expertise
Demonstrate deep knowledge and complex understanding of a specific research area, including responsible research, research ethics and scientific integrity principles, privacy and GDPR requirements, related to research activities within a specific discipline.
research
develop professional network with researchers and scientists
Develop alliances, contacts or partnerships, and exchange information with others. Foster integrated and open collaborations where different stakeholders co-create shared value research and innovations. Develop your personal profile or brand and make yourself visible and available in face-to-face and online networking environments.
research
disseminate results to the scientific community
Publicly disclose scientific results by any appropriate means, including conferences, workshops, colloquia and scientific publications.
research
draft scientific or academic papers and technical documentation
Draft and edit scientific, academic or technical texts on different subjects.
research
evaluate research activities
Review proposals, progress, impact and outcomes of peer researchers, including through open peer review.
research
execute analytical mathematical calculations
Apply mathematical methods and make use of calculation technologies in order to perform analyses and devise solutions to specific problems.
increase the impact of science on policy and society
Influence evidence-informed policy and decision making by providing scientific input to and maintaining professional relationships with policymakers and other stakeholders.
research
integrate gender dimension in research
Take into account in the whole research process the biological characteristics and the evolving social and cultural features of women and men (gender).
research
interact professionally in research and professional environments
Show consideration to others as well as collegiality. Listen, give and receive feedback and respond perceptively to others, also involving staff supervision and leadership in a professional setting.
research
manage findable accessible interoperable and reusable data
Produce, describe, store, preserve and (re) use scientific data based on FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles, making data as open as possible, and as closed as necessary.
digitalresearch
manage open publications
Be familiar with Open Publication strategies, with the use of information technology to support research, and with the development and management of CRIS (current research information systems) and institutional repositories. Provide licensing and copyright advice, use bibliometric indicators, and measure and report research impact.
digitalresearch
manage personal professional development
Take responsibility for lifelong learning and continuous professional development. Engage in learning to support and update professional competence. Identify priority areas for professional development based on reflection about own practice and through contact with peers and stakeholders. Pursue a cycle of self-improvement and develop credible career plans.
research
manage research data
Produce and analyse scientific data originating from qualitative and quantitative research methods. Store and maintain the data in research databases. Support the re-use of scientific data and be familiar with open data management principles.
digitalresearch
mentor individuals
Mentor individuals by providing emotional support, sharing experiences and giving advice to the individual to help them in their personal development, as well as adapting the support to the specific needs of the individual and heeding their requests and expectations.
research
perform project management
Manage and plan various resources, such as human resources, budget, deadline, results, and quality necessary for a specific project, and monitor the project's progress in order to achieve a specific goal within a set time and budget.
research
perform scientific research
Gain, correct or improve knowledge about phenomena by using scientific methods and techniques, based on empirical or measurable observations.
research
promote open innovation in research
Apply techniques, models, methods and strategies which contribute to the promotion of steps towards innovation through collaboration with people and organizations outside the organisation.
research
promote the participation of citizens in scientific and research activities
Engage citizens in scientific and research activities and promote their contribution in terms of knowledge, time or resources invested.
research
promote the transfer of knowledge
Deploy broad awareness of processes of knowledge valorisation aimed to maximise the two–way flow of technology, intellectual property, expertise and capability between the research base and industry or the public sector.
research
publish academic research
Conduct academic research, in universities and research institutions, or on a personal account, publish it in books or academic journals with the aim of contributing to a field of expertise and achieving personal academic accreditation.
research
speak different languages
Master foreign languages to be able to communicate in one or more foreign languages.
research
synthesise information
Critically read, interpret, and summarise new and complex information from diverse sources.
research
think abstractly
Demonstrate the ability to use concepts in order to make and understand generalisations, and relate or connect them to other items, events, or experiences.
research
write scientific publications
Present the hypothesis, findings, and conclusions of your scientific research in your field of expertise in a professional publication.
research
Optional knowledge 16 competences
Occupation specific
1 competencearchaeobotany
The study of plant remains at archaeological sites to infer how past civilisations used their environment and to learn about available food sources.
Sector-specific
8 competencesanthropology
The study of development and behaviour of human beings.
architectural conservation
The practice of recreating forms, features, shapes, compositions, and architectural techniques of past constructions in order to preserve them.
art history
The history of art and artists, the artistic trends throughout centuries and their contemporary evolutions.
conservation techniques
The procedures, instruments, techniques, materials and chemicals used in conservation and archiving.
epigraphy
The historical study of ancient inscriptions on materials such as stone, wood, glas, metal and leather.
geographic information systems
The tools involved in geographical mapping and positioning, such as GPS (global positioning systems), GIS (geographical information systems), and RS (remote sensing).
digital
osteology
The scientific study of human and animal skeletons, bone structure and specific bones. Osteology examines the bone structure as a whole and specific bones. The research can focus on diseases, function or pathology of bones.
paleography
The study of handwriting and its processes and forms to decipher, interpret and transcribe ancient manuscripts and handwriting styles from different historical periods
Cross-sector
7 competencesAncient Greek
The Ancient Greek language.
language
geography
The scientific discipline that studies the land, phenomena, characteristics and inhabitants of Earth. This field seeks to understand the natural and man-made complexities of Earth. It explores the social, political, and economic characteristics of human societies as well as the morphological properties of the Earth.
geological time scale
System of chronological measurement dividing geologic history into several temporal divisions and subdivisions that take ancient life, geography, and climates into account.
geology
Solid earth, rock types, structures and the processes by which they are altered.
green
Latin
The Latin language.
language
Sanskrit
The Sanskrit language.
language
surveying
The technique of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them.
Optional skills and competences 23 competences
Occupation specific
1 competencerecord archaeological finds
Take detailed notes qne make drawings and photographs of archaeological finds at the dig site.
Sector-specific
10 competencesassess conservation needs
Assess and list the needs for conservation/restoration, in relation to current use and planned future use.
assist with geophysical surveys
Assist with a range of specific, geophysical surveys, using diverse methods such as seismic, magnetic and electromagnetic methods.
conduct land surveys
Conduct surveys to determine the location and features of natural and man-made structures, on surface level as well as underground and underwater. Operate electronic distance-measuring equipment and digital measuring instruments.
create collection conservation plan
Create a comprehensive, high-level overview conservation plan for the collection.
develop scientific theories
Formulate scientific theories based on empirical observations, gathered data and theories of other scientists.
identify archaeological finds
Examine archaeological evidence found at dig sites in order to identify and classify it.
organise an exhibition
Organise and structure an exhibition in a strategic way, making the artworks more accessible to public.
study ancient inscriptions
Interpret, research and investigate ancient insciptions on stone, marble or wood such as Egyptian hieroglyphs.
supervise projects for the conservation of heritage buildings
Supervise protection and restoration projects of cultural heritage. Use your expertise to make sure the project runs smoothly.
use geographic information systems
Work with computer data systems such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
digital
Cross-sector
12 competencesapply blended learning
Be familiar with blended learning tools by combining traditional face-to-face and online learning, using digital tools, online technologies, and e-learning methods.
digitalresearch
collect data using GPS
Gather data in the field using Global Positioning System (GPS) devices.
digital
collect samples for analysis
Collect samples of materials or products for laboratory analysis.
- Scope note
- Follow the procedures required for the collection of materials and products for laboratory analysis.
conduct field work
Conducts field work or research which is the collection of information outside of a laboratory or workplace setting. Visit places in order to collect specific information about the field.
interpret pedigree charts
Construct and interpret diagrams that show the occurrence and appearance of a particular gene and its ancestors from one generation to the next.
oversee excavation
Oversee the excavation of fossils and other archaeological evidence at dig sites, ensuring conformity with standards and regulations.
perform laboratory tests
Carry out tests in a laboratory to produce reliable and precise data to support scientific research and product testing.
perform underwater investigations
Perform investigative activities, searches, or rescue missions underwater by using diving equipment and complying with safety regulations.
study aerial photos
Use aerial photos to study phenomena on Earth's surface.
teach in academic or vocational contexts
Instruct students in the theory and practice of academic or vocational subjects, transferring the content of own and others' research activities.
research
work on excavation site
Excavate material evidence of past human activity using hand picks, shovels, brushes, etc.
write research proposals
Synthetise and write proposals aiming to solve research problems. Draft the proposal baseline and objectives, the estimated budget, risks and impact. Document the advances and new developments on the relevant subject and field of study.