commercial law
The legal regulations that govern a specific commercial activity.
Economists perform research and develop theories in the field of economics, whether for microeconomic or macroeconomic analysis. They study trends, analyse statistical data, and to some extent work with economic mathematical models in order to advise companies, governments, and related institutions. They advise on product feasibility, trend forecasts, emerging markets, tax policies, and consumer trends.
Competences and skills
83 ESCO relationsEssential knowledge 11 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
3 competencesmathematical economics
The interdisciplinary field between mathematical methods and economics that deals with using math principles to contruct models for economic theory where conclusions can be drawn following a mathematical logic.
political economy
The field that combines political and economic factors in the analysis of modern societies. It focuses on factors such as production and trade and their relations with the law and the government.
Cross-sector
8 competencesbusiness management principles
Principles governing business management methods such as strategy planning, methods of efficient production, people and resources coordination.
economics
Economic principles and practices, financial and commodity markets, banking and the analysis of financial data.
empirical analysis
The evidence-based method that is used to analyse and interpret information with the aim of drawing conclusions about a specific issue.
mathematics
Mathematics is the study of topics such as quantity, structure, space, and change. It involves the identification of patterns and formulating new conjectures based on them. Mathematicians strive to prove the truth or falsity of these conjectures. There are many fields of mathematics, some of which are widely used for practical applications.
quantitative analysis
The technique of employing statistical and mathematical modelling and measurement to represent a specific reality through numbers.
digital
scientific research methodology
The theoretical methodology used in scientific research involving doing background research, constructing an hypothesis, testing it, analysing data and concluding the results.
statistics
The study of statistical theory, methods and practices such as collection, organisation, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments in order to forecast and plan work-related activities.
tax legislation
Tax legislation applicable to a specific area of specialisation, such as import tax, government tax, etc.
Essential skills and competences 36 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
2 competencesmanage intellectual property rights
Deal with the private legal rights that protect the products of the intellect from unlawful infringement.
research
operate open source software
Operate Open Source software, knowing the main Open Source models, licensing schemes, and the coding practices commonly adopted in the production of Open Source software.
digitalresearch
Cross-sector
34 competencesanalyse economic trends
Analyse developments in national or international trade, business relations, banking, and developments in public finance and how these factors interact with one another in a given economic context.
apply for research funding
Identify key relevant funding sources and prepare research grant application in order to obtain funds and grants. Write research proposals.
research
apply research ethics and scientific integrity principles in research activities
Apply fundamental ethical principles and legislation to scientific research, including issues of research integrity. Perform, review, or report research avoiding misconducts such as fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.
research
apply scientific methods
Apply scientific methods and techniques to investigate phenomena, by acquiring new knowledge or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.
apply statistical analysis techniques
Use models (descriptive or inferential statistics) and techniques (data mining or machine learning) for statistical analysis and ICT tools to analyse data, uncover correlations and forecast trends.
digital
communicate with a non-scientific audience
Communicate about scientific findings to a non-scientific audience, including the general public. Tailor the communication of scientific concepts, debates, findings to the audience, using a variety of methods for different target groups, including visual presentations.
research
conduct qualitative research
Gather relevant information by applying systematic methods, such as interviews, focus groups, text analysis, observations and case studies.
conduct quantitative research
Execute a systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.
conduct research across disciplines
Work and use research findings and data across disciplinary and/or functional boundaries.
research
demonstrate disciplinary expertise
Demonstrate deep knowledge and complex understanding of a specific research area, including responsible research, research ethics and scientific integrity principles, privacy and GDPR requirements, related to research activities within a specific discipline.
research
develop professional network with researchers and scientists
Develop alliances, contacts or partnerships, and exchange information with others. Foster integrated and open collaborations where different stakeholders co-create shared value research and innovations. Develop your personal profile or brand and make yourself visible and available in face-to-face and online networking environments.
research
disseminate results to the scientific community
Publicly disclose scientific results by any appropriate means, including conferences, workshops, colloquia and scientific publications.
research
draft scientific or academic papers and technical documentation
Draft and edit scientific, academic or technical texts on different subjects.
research
evaluate research activities
Review proposals, progress, impact and outcomes of peer researchers, including through open peer review.
research
execute analytical mathematical calculations
Apply mathematical methods and make use of calculation technologies in order to perform analyses and devise solutions to specific problems.
increase the impact of science on policy and society
Influence evidence-informed policy and decision making by providing scientific input to and maintaining professional relationships with policymakers and other stakeholders.
research
integrate gender dimension in research
Take into account in the whole research process the biological characteristics and the evolving social and cultural features of women and men (gender).
research
interact professionally in research and professional environments
Show consideration to others as well as collegiality. Listen, give and receive feedback and respond perceptively to others, also involving staff supervision and leadership in a professional setting.
research
manage findable accessible interoperable and reusable data
Produce, describe, store, preserve and (re) use scientific data based on FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles, making data as open as possible, and as closed as necessary.
digitalresearch
manage open publications
Be familiar with Open Publication strategies, with the use of information technology to support research, and with the development and management of CRIS (current research information systems) and institutional repositories. Provide licensing and copyright advice, use bibliometric indicators, and measure and report research impact.
digitalresearch
manage personal professional development
Take responsibility for lifelong learning and continuous professional development. Engage in learning to support and update professional competence. Identify priority areas for professional development based on reflection about own practice and through contact with peers and stakeholders. Pursue a cycle of self-improvement and develop credible career plans.
research
manage research data
Produce and analyse scientific data originating from qualitative and quantitative research methods. Store and maintain the data in research databases. Support the re-use of scientific data and be familiar with open data management principles.
digitalresearch
mentor individuals
Mentor individuals by providing emotional support, sharing experiences and giving advice to the individual to help them in their personal development, as well as adapting the support to the specific needs of the individual and heeding their requests and expectations.
research
perform project management
Manage and plan various resources, such as human resources, budget, deadline, results, and quality necessary for a specific project, and monitor the project's progress in order to achieve a specific goal within a set time and budget.
research
perform scientific research
Gain, correct or improve knowledge about phenomena by using scientific methods and techniques, based on empirical or measurable observations.
research
promote open innovation in research
Apply techniques, models, methods and strategies which contribute to the promotion of steps towards innovation through collaboration with people and organizations outside the organisation.
research
promote the participation of citizens in scientific and research activities
Engage citizens in scientific and research activities and promote their contribution in terms of knowledge, time or resources invested.
research
promote the transfer of knowledge
Deploy broad awareness of processes of knowledge valorisation aimed to maximise the two–way flow of technology, intellectual property, expertise and capability between the research base and industry or the public sector.
research
provide cost benefit analysis reports
Prepare, compile and communicate reports with broken down cost analysis on the proposal and budget plans of the company. Analyse the financial or social costs and benefits of a project or investment in advance over a given period of time.
publish academic research
Conduct academic research, in universities and research institutions, or on a personal account, publish it in books or academic journals with the aim of contributing to a field of expertise and achieving personal academic accreditation.
research
speak different languages
Master foreign languages to be able to communicate in one or more foreign languages.
research
synthesise information
Critically read, interpret, and summarise new and complex information from diverse sources.
research
think abstractly
Demonstrate the ability to use concepts in order to make and understand generalisations, and relate or connect them to other items, events, or experiences.
research
write scientific publications
Present the hypothesis, findings, and conclusions of your scientific research in your field of expertise in a professional publication.
research
Optional knowledge 23 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
11 competencesbusiness analytics
The disciplines and technologies for solving business problems through employing quantitative methods such as data analysis and statistical models.
digital
cryptocurrency
Digital and encrypted currency or medium of exchange with decentralized network grounded on blockchain technology, since the value of the cryptocurrency is not managed or maintained by central authorities, as is the case with the Euro.
digital
development economics
Development economics is the branch of economics that deals with processes of socio-economic and institutional change in low-income, transition, and high-income countries. It involves the study of several factors, including health, education, agriculture, governance, economic growth, financial inclusion, and gender inequality.
economic anthropology
The academic field that studies the interrelationship between human societies and their economic systems. Discipline that examines economic activities in society and the processes of consumption, production, distribution and circulation of goods and services. Economic anthropology also focuses on the diverse factors such as political, cultural, and social that determine features of the economic activities.
environmental economics
The subfield of economics that studies the efficient allocation of environmental resources to the aim of minimizing the negative impacts on the natural environment.
fundamental analysis
The techniques for measuring the intrinsic value of a financial security through the assessment its economic and financial factors. It combines together the analysis of macroeconomic trends and of financial statements of the companies.
international import export regulations
The principles that govern the import and export of products and equipment, trade restrictions, health and safety measures, licenses, etc.
project management
The discipline of project management, the activities which comprise this area and the variables implied in it, such as time, resources, requirements, deadlines, and responding to unexpected events.
public administration
The field where policy acts to pursue the improvement of public goods and produce beneficial changes in societies. Includes the set of public entities and bodies that serve the public interest, within the framework of local, regional, or state government.
sales promotion techniques
The techniques used to persuade customers to purchase a product or a service.
spatial planning
An interdisciplinary field of study between engineering and social sciences. It refers to the planning of economic, environmental and social processes for specific aims. These processes are combined with diagrams and visual representation about sociospatial activities.
Cross-sector
12 competencesaccounting techniques
The techniques of recording and summarising business and financial transactions and analysing, verifying, and reporting the results.
civil law
The legal rules and their applications used in disputes between different parties.
content marketing strategy
The process of creation and share of media and publishing content in order to acquire customers.
financial analysis
The process of assessing the financial possibilities, means, and status of an organisation or individual by analysing financial statements and reports in order to make well informed business or financial decisions.
financial forecasting
The tool used in performing fiscal financial management to identify revenue trends and estimated financial conditions.
financial markets
The financial infrastructure which permits trading securities offered by companies and individuals govern by regulatory financial frameworks.
game theory
The study of mathematical models of strategic decisions among stakeholders. It has applications in all fields of social science, as well as in systems science, computer science and logic. Essential concepts are the Nash Equilibrium and the Prisoner's Dilemma.
international business
The processes related to production or distribution of goods and services across borders.
market analysis
The field of market analysis and research and its particular research methods.
mathematical modelling
The process of establishing a mathematical representation problem, such as equations, of a real-word to provide insights, discover new features about the problematic scenario, better understand the original problem or to make predictions about it.
Monte Carlo simulation
A mathematical technique used to predict, estimate, and analyse a range of future possible outcomes for an uncertain event. The process is performed through a simulation to estimate a range of values.
digital
public law
The part of law which governs relationships between individuals and the government, and the relationships between individuals which concern society directly.
Optional skills and competences 13 competences
Occupation specific
0 competencesNo competences in this bucket.
Sector-specific
2 competencesdevelop scientific theories
Formulate scientific theories based on empirical observations, gathered data and theories of other scientists.
use business simulation tools
Employ software to perform simulations to improve business skills such as business acumen, financial and market analysis and decision making.
digital
Cross-sector
11 competencesadvise on economic development
Advise organisations and institutions on the factors and steps they could take which would promote and ensure economic stability and growth.
analyse financial performance of a company
Analyse the performance of the company in financial matters in order to identify improvement actions that could increase profit, based on accounts, records, financial statements and external information of the market.
analyse market financial trends
Monitor and forecast the tendencies of a financial market to move in a particular direction over time.
apply blended learning
Be familiar with blended learning tools by combining traditional face-to-face and online learning, using digital tools, online technologies, and e-learning methods.
digitalresearch
assess risk factors
Determine the influence of economical, political and cultural risk factors and additional issues.
conduct public surveys
Conduct the procedures of a public survey from the initial formulation and compilation of the questions, identifying the target audience, managing the survey method and operations, managing the processing of acquired data, and analysing the results.
develop economic policies
Develop strategies for economic stability and growth in an organisation, nation, or internationally, and for the improvement of trade practices and financial procedures.
forecast economic trends
Gather and analyse economic data in order to predict economic trends and events.
perform public relations
Perform public relations (PR) by managing the spread of information between an individual or an organisation and the public.
teach in academic or vocational contexts
Instruct students in the theory and practice of academic or vocational subjects, transferring the content of own and others' research activities.
research
write research proposals
Synthetise and write proposals aiming to solve research problems. Draft the proposal baseline and objectives, the estimated budget, risks and impact. Document the advances and new developments on the relevant subject and field of study.